The message sent over the weekend may have been unintentional, but it was nonetheless powerful.

While the candidates to chair the Republican National Committee prepared for their debate yesterday, which was sponsored by Americans for Tax Reform, a Reagan-era group, the Democrats leaked word that their next national chairman would be Gov. Tim Kaine of Virginia.

The message: While Republicans are looking inward and focusing on appeals to the party's activist base, President-elect Barack Obama wants Democrats to concentrate on recently acquired political terrain and the converts who were central to his party's sweep last year.

Of course, Mr. Obama, not Mr. Kaine, is the real head of the Democratic Party. Governors and members of Congress, not the national committee chair, will define the next Republican Party. Moreover, the offer of the national chairmanship to Mr. Kaine was widely interpreted as a kind of consolation prize for one of Mr. Obama's earliest and most fervent supporters.

But that understates the meaning of the choice. A top Obama adviser, using trademark Obama language, described Mr. Kaine as "a pragmatic progressive, less concerned about orthodoxies than about getting things done."

In fact, Mr. Obama is already following the path blazed in Virginia by Mr. Kaine and his predecessor, incoming Sen. Mark Warner. Their approach was to pursue broadly progressive policies in a non-ideological way and to downplay partisanship -- even as they built the Democratic Party's brand and broadened its base of support.

Mr. Obama's initial meetings yesterday about his stimulus package (and his decision to go to Capitol Hill and not have congressional leaders come to him) were designed to send a strong message of collaboration.

By contrast, Republicans seem less focused on expanding their party's appeal than on preserving its ideological purity. For now, the underdogs in the chairmanship fight seem to be the two candidates outside the party's regional and ideological comfort zones, former Maryland Lt. Gov. Michael Steele and Michigan GOP Chairman Saul Anuzis.

They confront two Southerners, Chip Saltsman of Tennessee, now most noted for distributing the CD that included the "Barack the Magic Negro" song, and Katon Dawson, the South Carolina party chairman. The incumbent, Mike Duncan of Kentucky, is seeking re-election, while former Ohio Secretary of State Kenneth Blackwell has emerged as the candidate of the conservative stalwarts.

Structurally, it turns out to be much easier for Democrats than Republicans to reach out to moderates because Democrats are the more ideologically diverse party.

I asked Jon Cohen, director of polling for The Washington Post, to use the 2008 media exit poll to break down last November's electorate by party and ideology.

In one sense, Republicans have the larger core base -- 21 percent of voters called themselves conservative Republicans, while only 15 percent saw themselves as liberal Democrats. But there are many more moderate Democrats than moderate Republicans: 18 percent of all voters, compared to only 10 percent who thought of themselves as moderate Republicans. (Five percent of voters called themselves conservative Democrats and only 1 percent called themselves liberal Republicans, who are a dying breed.)

Thus, when Democrats try to broaden their appeal, they are also addressing middle-of-the-road voters in their own party. Republicans who want to reach out have to fight their party, which tends to stick with the true conservative faith.

Republicans would do well to pay attention to another trend: The young are leaning left. Voters under 30, according to the exit poll, are the only age group in which liberals outnumber conservatives, by a margin of 32 percent to 26 percent.

The last four years of the Bush presidency clearly turned this generation off to the GOP. In 2004, 18- to 29-year-olds tilted only narrowly Democratic, 37 percent to 35 percent. In 2008, 45 percent of the under-30s called themselves Democrats; only 26 percent called themselves Republican.

Right-wing loyalists can talk all they want about how President Bush's problem was that he wasn't "conservative enough," but the numbers show they misunderstand their party's problem. Mr. Obama and Mr. Kaine are appealing to a moderate country moving gradually in a progressive direction, and have a party behind them prepared to grapple with the realities of politics now.

Whoever takes the helm of the GOP will have to persuade a very conservative following that we are not living in Ronald Reagan's America anymore.