Pittsburgh educational institutions and industries can claim a world-class collection of scientific and technological brainpower. Dozens of area scientists were born in other countries and emigrated to the United States, including this sampling from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh:

Carnegie Mellon University

John A. Pople, 1998 Nobel laureate in chemistry, sparked a political furor in England over the "brain drain" when he came to Pittsburgh in 1964 to join the faculty of what became Carnegie Mellon University. At the time, Pople estimated that 10 percent of British scientists with doctorates were leaving the country because of low salaries and poor opportunities. Pople did much of his Nobel-winning work at CMU before moving to Northwestern University in Chicago.

Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, a native of Poland and J. C. Warner professor of natural sciences at CMU, succeeded Pople. A noted polymer chemist, he does research on catalysts critical for producing plastics and other materials.

Takeo Kanade, a native of Japan, is U. A. and Helen Whitaker professor at CMU, where he was founding chairman of the doctoral program in robotics, believed to be the world's first. Kanade is noted for research in many areas of robotics, including computer vision.

Andrew W. Moore, a native of Britian, is A. Nico Habermann professor of robotics and computer science at CMU, where he specializes in "data mining," using computer technology to find meaningful patterns in huge collections of data.

Raj Reddy, a native of India, is Herbert A. Simon university professor of computer science and robotics at CMU and directs the university's campus in Silicon Valley. He founded CMU's world-renowned Robotics Institute and was dean of the computer science school.

Tuomas Sandholm, a native of Finland, is a computer science professor at CMU. He conducts research on artificial intelligence, electronic commerce, game theory, auctions, automated negotiation and contracting, coalition formation and voting.

Alex Waibel, a native of Germany, is a professor of computer science at CMU and the University of Karlsruhe. He is an expert on speech recognition, handwriting recognition, language processing, speech translation and machine learning. His team developed the JANUS speech translation system.

University of Pittsburgh

Derek C. Angus, a native of Britain and associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh, is among the world's top experts on the care of people who are critically ill or injured.

Michael Chancellor, a native of Taiwan, is a Pitt professor of urology, obstetrics, and gynecology and an international expert on neurourology (the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nerves that control the urinary system), urinary incontinence, and reconstructive and restorative surgery of the urinary tract.

Yuan Chang, a native of Taiwan, is a professor of pathology at Pitt. In June, she shared the $250,000 Mott Prize for cancer research, one of the world's most prestigious medical awards. Chang did landmark research on Kaposis sarcoma, a cancer that occurs in AIDS patients.

Olivera J. Finn, a native of Yugoslavia, chairs the department of immunology at the University of Pittsburgh medical school and developed a potential vaccine against cancer.

Freddie H. Fu, a native of Hong Kong, is David Silver professor of orthopaedic surgery and chairman of the department of orthopaedic surgery at Pitt. A world-renowned expert on sports medicine, he developed pioneering surgical techniques to treat sports-related knee and shoulder injuries.

Peyman Givi, a native of Iran, is William Kepler Whiteford professor of engineering at Pitt, and an expert on propulsion systems.

Adolf Grunbaum, a native of Germany, is Andrew Mellon professor of the philosophy of science and chairman of the Center for the Philosophy of Science at Pitt.

George K. Michalopoulos, a native of Greece, is a professor and chairman of pathology at Pitt. He served as Interim Dean of the School of Medicine from 1995-1998 and is noted for research on liver cancer.

Alan J. Russell, a native of Britain, is a professor of surgery and chemical engineering at Pitt and directs the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine. His research on tissue engineering includes development of an artificial ovary.

Peter Wipf, a native of Switzerland, is a professor of chemistry at Pitt and a noted expert on compounds that exist naturally in animals and plants.