SAN DIEGO Hows this for futuristic? A maglev system
powerful enough to reach 15,000 mph in less than a minute catapults a one-ton supply ship
up the side of a mountain and into orbit without using rockets.
Such a system, to deliver food and supplies to a space station, is the subject of a
government research project being conducted by General Atomics, the same high-technology
company enlisted to provide expertise for a proposed low-speed maglev transit system in
Pittsburgh.
If you have ever undergone magnetic resonance imaging, you may have experienced some of
General Atomics work. It builds superconducting magnets for MRIs manufactured in
conjunction with Toshiba Corp.
Add more electricity and a very high-powered cooling system (to achieve about 400
degrees below zero Fahrenheit), and superconducting magnets on an MRI arent much
different from those General Atomics proposes to use on low-speed maglev cars.
"All of us came away believing General Atomics has the technological capability of
building superconducting magnets," Port Authority General Manager Paul Skoutelas said
after he and three other authority officials visited the companys San Diego
headquarters last month.
The Western Pennsylvania Maglev Development Corp. wants the Port Authority to become
its public partner on the second stage of maglev, proposed for Oakland and the North
Shore. Securing a public partner is a necessary step for obtaining partial federal
construction funding.
"But a lot of technical know-how doesnt necessarily translate into the fact
that they can guarantee a successful low-speed maglev system," Skoutelas continued.
"Theres a long gestation period between building a prototype and building a
dependable, workable system
and a lot of risk."
The main General Atomics facilities in suburban San Diego contain over 1 million square
feet of engineering and test facilities, precision manufacturing installations and
advanced technology labs. About 1,500 are employed here, including professors, scientists
and technicians.
The headquarters complex is laid out geometrically, with buildings fanning out from a
central building. It resembles a college campus but without a scrap of litter and with
high security because of the government work it does. There are tennis courts, an outdoor
pool, an employee cafeteria and a basketball court, but a soccer field recently gave way
to building expansion.
Founded in 1955, the firm deals worldwide in design, research and manufacturing ranging
from nuclear fusion to pilot-less surveillance and reconnaissance planes that fly over
Bosnia.
It wasnt until six months ago, however, that General Atomics added low-speed
maglev technology to a corporate portfolio that already included high-speed maglev systems
for military purposes, including a "rocket" sled test track at Holloman Air
Force Base in New Mexico. One use for such technology would be the space station resupply
idea.
Before landing at General Atomics, low-speed maglev transit bounced from one high-tech
firm to another as a result of acquisitions and mergers. General Dynamics, Martin Marietta
and Lockheed Martin, which has retained a financial interest in the technology, have all
had a piece of it over the years.
One key person also has bounced from company to company with the research: Eddie Leung,
45, senior program manager-superconducting systems of General Atomics.
Leung, a pioneer in maglev technology in the United States, was a member of the U.S.
Senate task force for a national maglev initiative in the late 1980s.
He is one of two U.S. representatives to the International Maglev Conference. And more
than anyone else, hes the person who gives the Pittsburgh project credibility
and a chance.
"Eddie (Leung) is extremely knowledgeable, talented and dedicated," Skoutelas
said, indicating if maglev technology is to work in Pittsburgh, it will be largely because
of Leung.
"Ive put a whole lot of my life and energy into that project," Leung
said. "This is a dream, and its important for scientists and engineers to make
dreams come true. It isnt just about making money."
Leung said the four companies where he has worked on low-speed maglev have invested
$1.2 million on research and development, engineering and testing. Only once has any
received government money: $50,000 out of a state grant given to Western Pennsylvania
Maglev Development Corp.
General Atomics allowed Leung to bring a dozen of his key people when the firm bought
Lockheed Martins technology in superconductivity in September 1998.
For the proposed Pittsburgh project, Leung and several of his colleagues built a model
to verify their concept of maglev technology designed to levitate or "float"
17-ton cars two inches above an elevated guideway. The 400-pound test vehicle was about
the size of a wheelbarrow, without the wheels. It had already been disassembled by the
time of the Port Authority and PG visits, but Leung said results were positive.
For the most part, low-speed maglev is a project that exists in computer models, a
videotape of the small test vehicle and files of research results.
Leung believes the company is now ready to move to the next step building a
full-scale prototype that would raise, propel and stop a vehicle that would approach the
size and weight of an actual passenger car. Magnets underneath the cars would be
electrified through and arm descending to a power line on the guideway.
If WPMD lines up $147 million to build a 5,000 space parking garage next to the Civic
Arena and the maglev guideway and cars, General Atomics plans to build a $2 million
prototype on vacant industrial property in Ellwood City, Lawrence County, where it would
run tests.
"I want a place where we can work in private," not a site (that has been
proposed) in Panther Hollow in Oakland, "where everybody would be looking over our
shoulder all the time," Leung said. "If everything isnt correct, people
will never see it," and the shuttle cars would be equipped with rubber tires and
resemble the people mover at Pittsburgh International Airport.
General Atomics would be paid about $19 million to supply the superconducting magnets
for vehicle levitation, linear induction motors for propulsion and the electrodynamic
systems needed for the guidance and vehicle stability.
"The company is not going to make any money on this," Leung said.
"General Atomics is betting it will work, and that profits will come in the future.
We feel there is a big market out there. If this succeeds, well benefit, and
Pittsburgh will benefit."
Leung said he met WPMD President David OLoughlin almost five years ago, when
OLoughlin contacted General Dynamics about the maglev shuttle. "We hooked up,
both believing theres a niche in the market for low-speed maglev. It requires a
lower investment than light rail, and it has the potential to solve urban problems
better."
Meanwhile, General Atomics is part of the American Magline Group with Hirschfeld Steel
Co., Booz-Allen & Hamilton Inc. and Transrapid International. The consortium is
proposing to build a 300-mph maglev system connecting Las Vegas and Southern California.
West Mifflin-based Adtranz is part of the Transrapids joint venture.
Although there is some difference of opinion on whether low-speed and high-speed maglev
are competing for the same federal research and construction dollars, engineers say the
systems are designed for two different uses. Low-speed is for short distances with
frequent stops. High-speed is for long-distance between major population areas.